"-ku" meaning in All languages combined

See -ku on Wiktionary

Suffix [Indonesian]

IPA: /ˈku/ [Standard-Indonesian], [ˈku] [Standard-Indonesian] Forms: -koe [alternative]
Rhymes: -u Etymology: From Malay -ku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku. Compare Tagalog ko. Etymology templates: {{der|id|ms|-ku}} Malay -ku, {{der|id|poz-pro|*ku}} Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, {{der|id|map-pro|*ku}} Proto-Austronesian *ku, {{cog|tl|ko}} Tagalog ko Head templates: {{head|id|suffix}} -ku
  1. (familiar or informal) first person singular oblique enclitic pronoun
    as a possessive adjective
    Tags: familiar, informal, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ku-id-suffix-IFdrlbaj Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 8 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Pages with 8 entries: 20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6
  2. (familiar or informal) first person singular oblique enclitic pronoun
    as a direct or indirect object
    Tags: familiar, informal, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ku-id-suffix-~f~KJO83 Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 8 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Pages with 8 entries: 20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6
  3. (familiar or informal) first person singular oblique enclitic pronoun
    as an object of a preposition, with the exception for di, ke, and dalam
    Tags: familiar, informal, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ku-id-suffix-~OH0azCb Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 8 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Pages with 8 entries: 20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: aku, saya1, kami, -, ku-, kita, kamu, Anda2, kau3, kalian, Anda sekalian2, Anda semua2, -mu, dia, beliau4, ia3, mereka, -nya, diri5, diri sendiri, sendiri, This table only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language, The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms, titles, or the like, The enclitics are only used obliquely (english: object or possessor), while the proclitic is only used as a subject

Romanization [Japanese]

Head templates: {{head|ja|romanization|head=|sc=Latn}} -ku
  1. Rōmaji transcription of く Tags: Rōmaji, alt-of, romanization Alternative form of:

Suffix [Makasar]

IPA: [ku] Forms: -ngku [alternative]
Etymology: From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku. Etymology templates: {{inh|mak|poz-pro|*ku}} Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, {{inh|mak|map-pro|*ku}} Proto-Austronesian *ku Head templates: {{head|mak|suffix|possessive suffix||Lontara spelling|ᨀᨘ}} -ku (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨀᨘ)
  1. my Tags: morpheme, possessive, suffix
    Sense id: en--ku-mak-suffix-A4RoUYrY
  2. our (first person plural exclusive) Tags: morpheme, possessive, suffix
    Sense id: en--ku-mak-suffix-5cInAaBq Categories (other): Pages with 8 entries, Pages with entries, Makasar entries with incorrect language header, Makasar pronouns Disambiguation of Pages with 8 entries: 20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6 Disambiguation of Makasar entries with incorrect language header: 0 100 Disambiguation of Makasar pronouns: 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: nakke, -a', ku-, kambe, -kang, ki-, -mang, katte, -ki', -ta, kau, -ko, nu-, -nu, ia, -i, na-, -na

Suffix [Malay]

IPA: /ku/, [ku] Audio: LL-Q9237 (msa)-GinormousBuildings-ku.wav [Malaysia] Forms: ـکو [Jawi]
Rhymes: -ku, -u Etymology: From ku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku. Compare Tagalog ko. Etymology templates: {{der|ms|poz-pro|*ku}} Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, {{der|ms|map-pro|*ku}} Proto-Austronesian *ku, {{cog|tl|ko}} Tagalog ko Head templates: {{ms-suffix|j=ـکو}} -ku (Jawi spelling ـکو), {{tlb|ms|poetic|archaic}} (poetic, archaic)
  1. me (direct object of a verb) Tags: archaic, morpheme, poetic
    Sense id: en--ku-ms-suffix-IEaL72DD
  2. me (object of a preposition) Tags: archaic, morpheme, poetic
    Sense id: en--ku-ms-suffix-fu5VplhE
  3. me (indirect object of a verb) Tags: archaic, morpheme, poetic
    Sense id: en--ku-ms-suffix-cdlRLnlJ Categories (other): Malay entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Malay entries with incorrect language header: 16 13 58 13
  4. my (belonging to me) Tags: archaic, morpheme, poetic
    Sense id: en--ku-ms-suffix-jxdBl~b5
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: saya1 aku3, kita4 kami2 & 5 kita orang3 & 5, awak1 anda2 awda8kau3 kamu3 (alt: eng), + semua6 kalian2kau orang3 (alt: eng) [second-person], dia ia beliau7 -nya2, mereka2 dia orang3, This table mostly only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language and within the Klang Valley area, The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms, titles, or the like, The enclitic -nya is only used obliquely (english: as an object or possessor), The second person pronoun kamu is usually only used when speaking with younger speakers

Suffix [Māori]

Head templates: {{head|mi|suffix}} -ku
  1. Used in contractions with particles of possession to mean me Tags: morpheme Related terms: au, ahau, māuatāua [exclusive, inclusive], mātoutātou [exclusive, inclusive], koe, kōrua, koutou, ia, rāua, rātou
    Sense id: en--ku-mi-suffix-T7ERUuGp Categories (other): Māori entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 8 entries, Pages with entries

Suffix [Pipil]

Forms: -k [alternative]
Head templates: {{head|ppl|suffix}} -ku
  1. (no longer productive) locative suffix (meaning "in") used after a consonant Tags: idiomatic, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ku-ppl-suffix-zcpevLWM Categories (other): Pages with 8 entries, Pages with entries, Pipil entries with incorrect language header

Suffix [Proto-Mongolic]

Etymology: Cognate with Khitan [Khitan small needed] (hu), [Khitan small needed] (gi), [Khitan small needed] (ho). Etymology templates: {{cog|zkt|sc=Kits|tr=hu}} Khitan [Khitan small needed] (hu) Head templates: {{head|xgn-pro|suffix}} *-ku
  1. future participle suffix Tags: future, morpheme, participle, reconstruction, suffix Derived forms: -kuï, -kun
    Sense id: en--ku-xgn-pro-suffix-NI8qgfPb Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header

Suffix [Quechua]

Head templates: {{head|qu|suffix}} -ku
  1. reflexive suffix: to or for oneself Tags: morpheme

Suffix [Turkish]

Etymology: From Ottoman Turkish ـگی (-gi), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـکو (-gü), from Proto-Turkic *-gü. Etymology templates: {{inh|tr|ota|ـگی|tr=-gi}} Ottoman Turkish ـگی (-gi), {{inh|tr|trk-oat|ـکو|tr=-gü}} Old Anatolian Turkish ـکو (-gü), {{inh|tr|trk-pro|*-gü}} Proto-Turkic *-gü Head templates: {{head|tr|suffix form}} -ku
  1. Form of -gi after the vowels O / U. Tags: form-of, morpheme Form of: -gi after the vowels O, U

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "-ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Malay -ku",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "poz-pro",
        "3": "*ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "map-pro",
        "3": "*ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ku",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ko"
      },
      "expansion": "Tagalog ko",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Malay -ku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku. Compare Tagalog ko.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-koe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "-ku"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "",
        "ku"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "aku"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "saya1"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kami"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ku-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kita"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kamu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Anda2"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kau3"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kalian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Anda sekalian2"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Anda semua2"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "-mu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "dia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "beliau4"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ia3"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "mereka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "-nya"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "diri5"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "diri sendiri"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "sendiri"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "This table only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "titles"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "or the like"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "object or possessor",
      "translation": "object or possessor",
      "word": "The enclitics are only used obliquely"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "while the proclitic is only used as a subject"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 8 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "english": "my child",
          "text": "anakku",
          "translation": "my child",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "first person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
        "as a possessive adjective"
      ],
      "id": "en--ku-id-suffix-IFdrlbaj",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(familiar or informal) first person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
        "as a possessive adjective"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "familiar",
        "informal",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 8 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "english": "he loves me",
          "text": "dia mencintaiku",
          "translation": "he loves me",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "he gave me a gift",
          "text": "dia memberiku hadiah",
          "translation": "he gave me a gift",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "first person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
        "as a direct or indirect object"
      ],
      "id": "en--ku-id-suffix-~f~KJO83",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(familiar or informal) first person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
        "as a direct or indirect object"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "familiar",
        "informal",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 8 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              21,
              23
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              21,
              23
            ]
          ],
          "english": "they are arrogant to me",
          "text": "mereka sombong kepadaku",
          "translation": "they are arrogant to me",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "first person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
        "as an object of a preposition, with the exception for di, ke, and dalam"
      ],
      "id": "en--ku-id-suffix-~OH0azCb",
      "links": [
        [
          "di",
          "di#Indonesian"
        ],
        [
          "ke",
          "ke#Indonesian"
        ],
        [
          "dalam",
          "dalam#Indonesian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(familiar or informal) first person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
        "as an object of a preposition, with the exception for di, ke, and dalam"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "familiar",
        "informal",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈku/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈku]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-u"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "romanization",
        "head": "",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "romanization",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "く"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese romanizations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 8 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rōmaji transcription of く"
      ],
      "id": "en--ku-ja-romanization-zaUdvJm2",
      "links": [
        [
          "Rōmaji",
          "romaji"
        ],
        [
          "く",
          "く#Japanese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Rōmaji",
        "alt-of",
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mak",
        "2": "poz-pro",
        "3": "*ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mak",
        "2": "map-pro",
        "3": "*ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ku",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ngku",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mak",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "possessive suffix",
        "4": "",
        "5": "Lontara spelling",
        "6": "ᨀᨘ"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨀᨘ)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Makasar",
  "lang_code": "mak",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "nakke"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-a'"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ku-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kambe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-kang"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ki-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-mang"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "katte"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-ki'"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-ta"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kau"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-ko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "nu-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-nu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-i"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "na-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-na"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "my"
      ],
      "id": "en--ku-mak-suffix-A4RoUYrY",
      "links": [
        [
          "my",
          "my"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "possessive",
        "suffix"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 8 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 20 20 0 17 4 5 8 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Makasar entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Makasar pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "our (first person plural exclusive)"
      ],
      "id": "en--ku-mak-suffix-5cInAaBq",
      "links": [
        [
          "our",
          "our"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "possessive",
        "suffix"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ku]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "poz-pro",
        "3": "*ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "map-pro",
        "3": "*ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ku",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ko"
      },
      "expansion": "Tagalog ko",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From ku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku. Compare Tagalog ko.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ـکو",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "j": "ـکو"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku (Jawi spelling ـکو)",
      "name": "ms-suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "poetic",
        "3": "archaic"
      },
      "expansion": "(poetic, archaic)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "-ku"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Malay",
  "lang_code": "ms",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "saya1 aku3"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kita4 kami2 & 5 kita orang3 & 5"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "eng",
      "word": "awak1 anda2 awda8kau3 kamu3"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "eng",
      "tags": [
        "second-person"
      ],
      "word": "+ semua6 kalian2kau orang3"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dia ia beliau7 -nya2"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "mereka2 dia orang3"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "This table mostly only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language and within the Klang Valley area"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "titles"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "or the like"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "as an object or possessor",
      "translation": "as an object or possessor",
      "word": "The enclitic -nya is only used obliquely"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "The second person pronoun kamu is usually only used when speaking with younger speakers"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He scolded me.",
          "text": "Dia memarahiku.",
          "translation": "He scolded me.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "me (direct object of a verb)"
      ],
      "id": "en--ku-ms-suffix-IEaL72DD",
      "links": [
        [
          "me",
          "me"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "morpheme",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              16,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He went with me.",
          "text": "Dia pergi denganku.",
          "translation": "He went with me.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "me (object of a preposition)"
      ],
      "id": "en--ku-ms-suffix-fu5VplhE",
      "links": [
        [
          "me",
          "me"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "morpheme",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 13 58 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "me (indirect object of a verb)"
      ],
      "id": "en--ku-ms-suffix-cdlRLnlJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "me",
          "me"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "morpheme",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              1,
              3
            ]
          ],
          "english": "\"My Country\"",
          "text": "\"Negaraku\"",
          "translation": "\"My Country\"",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "This is my house.",
          "text": "Ini rumahku.",
          "translation": "This is my house.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "my (belonging to me)"
      ],
      "id": "en--ku-ms-suffix-jxdBl~b5",
      "links": [
        [
          "my",
          "my"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "morpheme",
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ku/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ku]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9237 (msa)-GinormousBuildings-ku.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q9237_%28msa%29-GinormousBuildings-ku.wav/LL-Q9237_%28msa%29-GinormousBuildings-ku.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q9237_%28msa%29-GinormousBuildings-ku.wav/LL-Q9237_%28msa%29-GinormousBuildings-ku.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Malaysia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ku"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-u"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brunei",
    "Klang Valley"
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mi",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Māori",
  "lang_code": "mi",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Māori entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 8 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used in contractions with particles of possession to mean me"
      ],
      "id": "en--ku-mi-suffix-T7ERUuGp",
      "links": [
        [
          "me",
          "me#English"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "au"
        },
        {
          "word": "ahau"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "exclusive",
            "inclusive"
          ],
          "word": "māuatāua"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "exclusive",
            "inclusive"
          ],
          "word": "mātoutātou"
        },
        {
          "word": "koe"
        },
        {
          "word": "kōrua"
        },
        {
          "word": "koutou"
        },
        {
          "word": "ia"
        },
        {
          "word": "rāua"
        },
        {
          "word": "rātou"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-k",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ppl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Pipil",
  "lang_code": "ppl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 8 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pipil entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "locative suffix (meaning \"in\") used after a consonant"
      ],
      "id": "en--ku-ppl-suffix-zcpevLWM",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(no longer productive) locative suffix (meaning \"in\") used after a consonant"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "qu",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Quechua",
  "lang_code": "qu",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 8 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Quechua links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "mayllay (“to wash something”) → mayllakuy (“to wash oneself”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "rantiy (“to buy something”) → rantikuy (“to buy something for oneself”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "reflexive suffix: to or for oneself"
      ],
      "id": "en--ku-qu-suffix-COQfYM6~",
      "links": [
        [
          "reflexive suffix",
          "reflexive#English"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "ـگی",
        "tr": "-gi"
      },
      "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـگی (-gi)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "trk-oat",
        "3": "ـکو",
        "tr": "-gü"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish ـکو (-gü)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "trk-pro",
        "3": "*-gü"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-gü",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish ـگی (-gi), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـکو (-gü), from Proto-Turkic *-gü.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "suffix form"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Turkish",
  "lang_code": "tr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 8 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-gi after the vowels O"
        },
        {
          "word": "U"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Form of -gi after the vowels O / U."
      ],
      "id": "en--ku-tr-suffix-gpChK7C8",
      "links": [
        [
          "-gi",
          "-gi#Turkish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "lang_code": "mn",
          "roman": "-qu",
          "word": "-ᠬᠤ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "lang_code": "mn",
          "roman": "-kü",
          "word": "-ᠬᠦ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Phags-pa",
          "lang_code": "xng",
          "roman": "-qu",
          "word": "ꡢꡟ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Phags-pa",
          "lang_code": "xng",
          "roman": "-gu",
          "word": "ꡂꡟ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Phags-pa",
          "lang_code": "xng",
          "roman": "-k'u",
          "word": "ꡁꡟ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "lang_code": "ar",
          "roman": "-qu",
          "word": "قو"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "lang_code": "ar",
          "roman": "-ku",
          "word": "كو"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Mongol",
      "lang_code": "xng"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Classical",
          "lang_code": "mn",
          "roman": "-qu",
          "word": "-ᠬᠤ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Classical",
          "lang_code": "mn",
          "roman": "-kü",
          "word": "-ᠬᠦ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Khalkha Mongolian",
          "lang_code": "mn-kha",
          "roman": "-x",
          "word": "-х"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "lang_code": "mn"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Kalmyk",
      "lang_code": "xal",
      "roman": "-x",
      "word": "-х"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-xu"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-ku"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-kü"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Buryat",
      "lang_code": "bua",
      "roman": "-xa",
      "word": "-ха"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-xu"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-ku"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-kü"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Buryat",
      "lang_code": "bua",
      "roman": "-xe",
      "word": "-хэ"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-xu"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-ku"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-kü"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Buryat",
      "lang_code": "bua",
      "roman": "-xo",
      "word": "-хо"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Daur",
      "lang_code": "dta",
      "word": "-gw"
    },
    {
      "lang": "East Yugur",
      "lang_code": "yuy",
      "word": "-ghi"
    },
    {
      "lang": "East Yugur",
      "lang_code": "yuy",
      "word": "-qi"
    },
    {
      "lang": "East Yugur",
      "lang_code": "yuy",
      "word": "-gi"
    },
    {
      "lang": "East Yugur",
      "lang_code": "yuy",
      "word": "-ki"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Mangghuer",
          "lang_code": "mjg-mgr",
          "word": "-ku"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Mongghul",
          "lang_code": "mjg-mgl",
          "word": "-gu"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Monguor",
      "lang_code": "mjg"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Bonan",
      "lang_code": "peh",
      "word": "-gu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Bonan",
      "lang_code": "peh",
      "word": "-ge"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Bonan",
      "lang_code": "peh",
      "word": "-ku"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Bonan",
      "lang_code": "peh",
      "word": "-ke"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Dongxiang",
      "lang_code": "sce",
      "word": "-ku"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Dongxiang",
      "lang_code": "sce",
      "word": "-wu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Mogholi",
      "lang_code": "mhj",
      "word": "-ku"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zkt",
        "sc": "Kits",
        "tr": "hu"
      },
      "expansion": "Khitan [Khitan small needed] (hu)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Khitan [Khitan small needed] (hu), [Khitan small needed] (gi), [Khitan small needed] (ho).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xgn-pro",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ku",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
  "lang_code": "xgn-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-ku",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "-kuï"
        },
        {
          "word": "-kun"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "future participle suffix"
      ],
      "id": "en--ku-xgn-pro-suffix-NI8qgfPb",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "morpheme",
        "participle",
        "reconstruction",
        "suffix"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Indonesian 1-syllable words",
    "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Indonesian lemmas",
    "Indonesian suffixes",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
    "Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/u",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/u/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "-ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Malay -ku",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "poz-pro",
        "3": "*ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "map-pro",
        "3": "*ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ku",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ko"
      },
      "expansion": "Tagalog ko",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Malay -ku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku. Compare Tagalog ko.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-koe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "-ku"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "",
        "ku"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "aku"
    },
    {
      "word": "saya1"
    },
    {
      "word": "kami"
    },
    {
      "word": "-"
    },
    {
      "word": "ku-"
    },
    {
      "word": "kita"
    },
    {
      "word": "kamu"
    },
    {
      "word": "Anda2"
    },
    {
      "word": "kau3"
    },
    {
      "word": "kalian"
    },
    {
      "word": "Anda sekalian2"
    },
    {
      "word": "Anda semua2"
    },
    {
      "word": "-mu"
    },
    {
      "word": "dia"
    },
    {
      "word": "beliau4"
    },
    {
      "word": "ia3"
    },
    {
      "word": "mereka"
    },
    {
      "word": "-nya"
    },
    {
      "word": "diri5"
    },
    {
      "word": "diri sendiri"
    },
    {
      "word": "sendiri"
    },
    {
      "word": "This table only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language"
    },
    {
      "word": "The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms"
    },
    {
      "word": "titles"
    },
    {
      "word": "or the like"
    },
    {
      "english": "object or possessor",
      "translation": "object or possessor",
      "word": "The enclitics are only used obliquely"
    },
    {
      "word": "while the proclitic is only used as a subject"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Indonesian familiar terms",
        "Indonesian informal terms",
        "Indonesian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "english": "my child",
          "text": "anakku",
          "translation": "my child",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "first person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
        "as a possessive adjective"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(familiar or informal) first person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
        "as a possessive adjective"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "familiar",
        "informal",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Indonesian familiar terms",
        "Indonesian informal terms",
        "Indonesian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "english": "he loves me",
          "text": "dia mencintaiku",
          "translation": "he loves me",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "he gave me a gift",
          "text": "dia memberiku hadiah",
          "translation": "he gave me a gift",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "first person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
        "as a direct or indirect object"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(familiar or informal) first person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
        "as a direct or indirect object"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "familiar",
        "informal",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Indonesian familiar terms",
        "Indonesian informal terms",
        "Indonesian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              21,
              23
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              21,
              23
            ]
          ],
          "english": "they are arrogant to me",
          "text": "mereka sombong kepadaku",
          "translation": "they are arrogant to me",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "first person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
        "as an object of a preposition, with the exception for di, ke, and dalam"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "di",
          "di#Indonesian"
        ],
        [
          "ke",
          "ke#Indonesian"
        ],
        [
          "dalam",
          "dalam#Indonesian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(familiar or informal) first person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
        "as an object of a preposition, with the exception for di, ke, and dalam"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "familiar",
        "informal",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈku/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈku]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-u"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "romanization",
        "head": "",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "romanization",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "く"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese non-lemma forms",
        "Japanese romanizations",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
        "Pages with 8 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rōmaji transcription of く"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Rōmaji",
          "romaji"
        ],
        [
          "く",
          "く#Japanese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Rōmaji",
        "alt-of",
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Makasar entries with incorrect language header",
    "Makasar lemmas",
    "Makasar pronouns",
    "Makasar suffixes",
    "Makasar terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
    "Makasar terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
    "Makasar terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
    "Makasar terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mak",
        "2": "poz-pro",
        "3": "*ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mak",
        "2": "map-pro",
        "3": "*ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ku",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ngku",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mak",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "possessive suffix",
        "4": "",
        "5": "Lontara spelling",
        "6": "ᨀᨘ"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨀᨘ)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Makasar",
  "lang_code": "mak",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "nakke"
    },
    {
      "word": "-a'"
    },
    {
      "word": "ku-"
    },
    {
      "word": "kambe"
    },
    {
      "word": "-kang"
    },
    {
      "word": "ki-"
    },
    {
      "word": "-mang"
    },
    {
      "word": "katte"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ki'"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ta"
    },
    {
      "word": "kau"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ko"
    },
    {
      "word": "nu-"
    },
    {
      "word": "-nu"
    },
    {
      "word": "ia"
    },
    {
      "word": "-i"
    },
    {
      "word": "na-"
    },
    {
      "word": "-na"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "my"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "my",
          "my"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "possessive",
        "suffix"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "our (first person plural exclusive)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "our",
          "our"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "possessive",
        "suffix"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ku]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Malay 1-syllable words",
    "Malay archaic terms",
    "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
    "Malay lemmas",
    "Malay poetic terms",
    "Malay suffixes",
    "Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
    "Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
    "Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Malay/ku",
    "Rhymes:Malay/u"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "poz-pro",
        "3": "*ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "map-pro",
        "3": "*ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ku",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ko"
      },
      "expansion": "Tagalog ko",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From ku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku. Compare Tagalog ko.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ـکو",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "j": "ـکو"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku (Jawi spelling ـکو)",
      "name": "ms-suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "poetic",
        "3": "archaic"
      },
      "expansion": "(poetic, archaic)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "-ku"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Malay",
  "lang_code": "ms",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "saya1 aku3"
    },
    {
      "word": "kita4 kami2 & 5 kita orang3 & 5"
    },
    {
      "alt": "eng",
      "word": "awak1 anda2 awda8kau3 kamu3"
    },
    {
      "alt": "eng",
      "tags": [
        "second-person"
      ],
      "word": "+ semua6 kalian2kau orang3"
    },
    {
      "word": "dia ia beliau7 -nya2"
    },
    {
      "word": "mereka2 dia orang3"
    },
    {
      "word": "This table mostly only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language and within the Klang Valley area"
    },
    {
      "word": "The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms"
    },
    {
      "word": "titles"
    },
    {
      "word": "or the like"
    },
    {
      "english": "as an object or possessor",
      "translation": "as an object or possessor",
      "word": "The enclitic -nya is only used obliquely"
    },
    {
      "word": "The second person pronoun kamu is usually only used when speaking with younger speakers"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Malay terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He scolded me.",
          "text": "Dia memarahiku.",
          "translation": "He scolded me.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "me (direct object of a verb)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "me",
          "me"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "morpheme",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Malay terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              16,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He went with me.",
          "text": "Dia pergi denganku.",
          "translation": "He went with me.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "me (object of a preposition)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "me",
          "me"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "morpheme",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "me (indirect object of a verb)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "me",
          "me"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "morpheme",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Malay terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              1,
              3
            ]
          ],
          "english": "\"My Country\"",
          "text": "\"Negaraku\"",
          "translation": "\"My Country\"",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "This is my house.",
          "text": "Ini rumahku.",
          "translation": "This is my house.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "my (belonging to me)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "my",
          "my"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "morpheme",
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ku/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ku]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9237 (msa)-GinormousBuildings-ku.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q9237_%28msa%29-GinormousBuildings-ku.wav/LL-Q9237_%28msa%29-GinormousBuildings-ku.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q9237_%28msa%29-GinormousBuildings-ku.wav/LL-Q9237_%28msa%29-GinormousBuildings-ku.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Malaysia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ku"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-u"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brunei",
    "Klang Valley"
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mi",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Māori",
  "lang_code": "mi",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "au"
    },
    {
      "word": "ahau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "exclusive",
        "inclusive"
      ],
      "word": "māuatāua"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "exclusive",
        "inclusive"
      ],
      "word": "mātoutātou"
    },
    {
      "word": "koe"
    },
    {
      "word": "kōrua"
    },
    {
      "word": "koutou"
    },
    {
      "word": "ia"
    },
    {
      "word": "rāua"
    },
    {
      "word": "rātou"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Māori entries with incorrect language header",
        "Māori lemmas",
        "Māori suffixes",
        "Pages with 8 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used in contractions with particles of possession to mean me"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "me",
          "me#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-k",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ppl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Pipil",
  "lang_code": "ppl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 8 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pipil entries with incorrect language header",
        "Pipil lemmas",
        "Pipil suffixes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "locative suffix (meaning \"in\") used after a consonant"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(no longer productive) locative suffix (meaning \"in\") used after a consonant"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "-kuï"
    },
    {
      "word": "-kun"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "lang_code": "mn",
          "roman": "-qu",
          "word": "-ᠬᠤ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "lang_code": "mn",
          "roman": "-kü",
          "word": "-ᠬᠦ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Phags-pa",
          "lang_code": "xng",
          "roman": "-qu",
          "word": "ꡢꡟ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Phags-pa",
          "lang_code": "xng",
          "roman": "-gu",
          "word": "ꡂꡟ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Phags-pa",
          "lang_code": "xng",
          "roman": "-k'u",
          "word": "ꡁꡟ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "lang_code": "ar",
          "roman": "-qu",
          "word": "قو"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "lang_code": "ar",
          "roman": "-ku",
          "word": "كو"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Mongol",
      "lang_code": "xng"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Classical",
          "lang_code": "mn",
          "roman": "-qu",
          "word": "-ᠬᠤ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Classical",
          "lang_code": "mn",
          "roman": "-kü",
          "word": "-ᠬᠦ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Khalkha Mongolian",
          "lang_code": "mn-kha",
          "roman": "-x",
          "word": "-х"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "lang_code": "mn"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Kalmyk",
      "lang_code": "xal",
      "roman": "-x",
      "word": "-х"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-xu"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-ku"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-kü"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Buryat",
      "lang_code": "bua",
      "roman": "-xa",
      "word": "-ха"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-xu"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-ku"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-kü"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Buryat",
      "lang_code": "bua",
      "roman": "-xe",
      "word": "-хэ"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-xu"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-ku"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
          "lang_code": "ykh",
          "word": "-kü"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Buryat",
      "lang_code": "bua",
      "roman": "-xo",
      "word": "-хо"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Daur",
      "lang_code": "dta",
      "word": "-gw"
    },
    {
      "lang": "East Yugur",
      "lang_code": "yuy",
      "word": "-ghi"
    },
    {
      "lang": "East Yugur",
      "lang_code": "yuy",
      "word": "-qi"
    },
    {
      "lang": "East Yugur",
      "lang_code": "yuy",
      "word": "-gi"
    },
    {
      "lang": "East Yugur",
      "lang_code": "yuy",
      "word": "-ki"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Mangghuer",
          "lang_code": "mjg-mgr",
          "word": "-ku"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Mongghul",
          "lang_code": "mjg-mgl",
          "word": "-gu"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Monguor",
      "lang_code": "mjg"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Bonan",
      "lang_code": "peh",
      "word": "-gu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Bonan",
      "lang_code": "peh",
      "word": "-ge"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Bonan",
      "lang_code": "peh",
      "word": "-ku"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Bonan",
      "lang_code": "peh",
      "word": "-ke"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Dongxiang",
      "lang_code": "sce",
      "word": "-ku"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Dongxiang",
      "lang_code": "sce",
      "word": "-wu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Mogholi",
      "lang_code": "mhj",
      "word": "-ku"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zkt",
        "sc": "Kits",
        "tr": "hu"
      },
      "expansion": "Khitan [Khitan small needed] (hu)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Khitan [Khitan small needed] (hu), [Khitan small needed] (gi), [Khitan small needed] (ho).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xgn-pro",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ku",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
  "lang_code": "xgn-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-ku",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Mongolic lemmas",
        "Proto-Mongolic suffixes",
        "Requests for Khitan small script for Khitan terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "future participle suffix"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "morpheme",
        "participle",
        "reconstruction",
        "suffix"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "qu",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Quechua",
  "lang_code": "qu",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 8 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
        "Quechua lemmas",
        "Quechua links with redundant target parameters",
        "Quechua suffixes"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "mayllay (“to wash something”) → mayllakuy (“to wash oneself”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "rantiy (“to buy something”) → rantikuy (“to buy something for oneself”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "reflexive suffix: to or for oneself"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "reflexive suffix",
          "reflexive#English"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "ـگی",
        "tr": "-gi"
      },
      "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـگی (-gi)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "trk-oat",
        "3": "ـکو",
        "tr": "-gü"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish ـکو (-gü)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "trk-pro",
        "3": "*-gü"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-gü",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish ـگی (-gi), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـکو (-gü), from Proto-Turkic *-gü.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "suffix form"
      },
      "expansion": "-ku",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Turkish",
  "lang_code": "tr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 8 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Turkish non-lemma forms",
        "Turkish suffix forms",
        "Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish",
        "Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
        "Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
        "Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish",
        "Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
        "Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-gi after the vowels O"
        },
        {
          "word": "U"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Form of -gi after the vowels O / U."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-gi",
          "-gi#Turkish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ku"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ku meaning in All languages combined (17.1kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: Lontara spelling ᨀᨘ",
  "path": [
    "-ku"
  ],
  "section": "Makasar",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ku",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
  "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Malay: 'kita4 kami2 & 5 kita orang3 & 5', originally 'kita4 kami2 & 5 kita orang3 & 5'",
  "path": [
    "-ku"
  ],
  "section": "Malay",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ku",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.